DOI: 10.32636/agroscience.2023-(2)-3-5

PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE BLOOD OF CROSSBRED HEIFERS AND COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY X HOLSTEIN BREED OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTION

 

Vasyl FEDAK¹, Mykhailo POLULIKH¹, Olha STADNYTSKA¹, Vasyl BRATIUK¹,

Volodymyr DUTKA², Roman OSEREDCHUK²

¹Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS

²Lviv National Stepan Gzhytsky University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology

All physiological processes in the animal body are accompanied by corresponding changes in the blood. The state and intensity of metabolic processes in the animal’s body can be determined by changes in the hemogram in different age periods. Erythrocytes take part in the water and salt balance of the animal body, they swell in the venous blood and give excess fluid to the arterial blood. This feature of them is especially important for the processes of breathing and sweating.

Blood serum protein is the main indicator of protein biosynthesis in the animal body. The analysis of the obtained data shows that according to the content of total protein in the blood serum, heifers at 6, 12, 18 months of age, heifers at 8-9 months of gestation and first-born cows at 2-3 months of lactation of the research group exceeded the control analogues respectively by 2.48; 10.24; 6.90; 10.42 and 10.12%. The control group (n=10) included animals with a low physiological selection index, and the experimental group (n=10) with a high one.

On average, over the entire period of the experiment, the advantage of animals of the experimental group over the control group was 6.36%. Therefore, according to the content of total protein in blood serum, animals of the high-enzyme type (experimental group) significantly prevailed over the analogues of the low-enzyme type (control group). This suggests that the level of protein metabolism in the animals of the experimental group was more intense than in the control counterparts.

An important component of protein metabolism in the body of farm animals are trans-amination enzymes – aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT). The study of catalase activity in the blood of experimental heifers at 3, 6, 12, 18 months of age, heifers at 8-9 months of gestation and cows at 2-3 months of lactation showed that the animals of the experimental group exceeded the control females respectively by 11.52; 11.02; 11.34; 10.84; 15.37; 5.81%. On average, over the entire period of the experiment, the animals of the experimental group prevailed over the control group by 10.54%.

In general, according to the biochemical parameters of the blood in the postnatal ontogeny, the animals of the experimental group significantly exceeded the control counterparts. This indicates that the level of metabolic processes in the body of the animals of the experimental group was much more intense than in the control counterparts.

Keywords: physiological indices of blood, heifers, type of constitution.