VOLUME 3 Issue 2/5
DOI: 10.32636/agroscience.2024-(3)-2-5
AGROBIOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SOWING METHODS AND SOWING RATES OF WHITE MUSTARD SEEDS ON YIELD AND PRODUCT QUALITY
Mariia VOLOSHCHUK
Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS
The importance of studying sowing methods and sowing rates of white mustard seeds is due to the individual characteristics of each variety during the passage of the phases of organogenesis. The influence of these factors on the formation of seed productivity and sowing qualities of the collected seeds of new domestic varieties Ariadna and Bila Pryncesa is an important scientific task with subsequent substantiation of the features of the technology of growing crops in the soil and climatic conditions of the Carpathian region. The article presents the results of research for 2022– 2023, conducted in the department of seed production and seed science of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. In the zero phase of seed germination BBCH 00–09, sowing methods and seeding rates did not have a significant effect on the field germination of white mustard varieties. This indicator depended on the quality of the sown material, reserves of productive moisture in the seed layer of soil (0– 10 cm) and air temperature. In 2022, the average field germination rate of seeds was 92.4–92.8 %, and in 2023 – 93.5– 94.0 %. With a decrease in seed sowing rates, the leaf surface area decreased by 1.4–3.2 thousand m2/ha, and the net productivity of photosynthesis increased by 0.29–0.36 g/m2 per day. An increase in the feeding area using the widerow sowing method with a seeding rate of 0.5 million similar seeds/ha contributed to the formation of a larger number of first-order branches, pods and seeds per pod on the plant. Compared with the usual row sowing method (1.5 million seeds/ha) with the usual row (1.0 million seeds/ha) seed yield was higher by 0.09 t/ha, and wide-row (0.5 million seeds/ha) by 0.17 t/ha. The wide-row sowing method (0.5 million seeds/ha) provided the highest indicators of sowing qualities of seeds, including the weight of 1000 seeds – 5.15 g, germination energy – 94.0 %, laboratory germination – 99.5 %.
Keywords: white mustard, variety, sowing methods, seed sowing rates, yield, sowing qualities.